The Economic And Philosophic Manuscripts Of 1844 - 1592 Words

The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 was not published in Karl Marx’s lifetime. It is a series of fragmentary notes. Part of these notes is a piece called â€Å"Estranged Labor†. In this piece Marx rarely disputes the alienation of the bourgeoisie and focuses on the alienation of the proletariat relating to the hard work in factories in a capitalist society. I believe Marx is correct on his point of workers during his time and even so, it’s still relatable to today; there is alienation of the worker and of the owner till this day. I see his ideas and find it is relatable to my job currently and he has developed evidence to prove it to be true. Karl Marx uses two German terms known as â€Å"Entà ¤ussern† and â€Å"Entfremden† [Grimwade, R. (2014, September). Lecture presented through PowerPoint. St. John’s University, Queens, NY.] . The latter meaning estrangement, while Entaussem meaning alienation. Both have a similar meaning and can be taken as synonyms but Karl Marx uses them differently to emphasis his points. The definition of alienation, â€Å"a withdrawing or separation of a person or a person s affections from an object or position of former attachment† (Alienation. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2014.), similar Marx states a definition of his own; â€Å"Labor s realization is its objectification. In the conditions dealt with by political economy this realization of labor appears as loss of reality for the workers;Show MoreRelatedThe Economic And Philosophic Manuscripts Of 1844 Essay2437 Words   |  10 PagesIn the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Ka rl Marx identifies a dichotomy that is created and bolstered by the capitalist mode of production. In this mode of production, the dichotomy presents itself in a division of labor that forms of two kinds of people: capitalists, the owners of the means of production, and laborers, those who work under the domain of the capitalist. Marx harshly criticizes this mode of production, arguing that it exploits the laborer and estranges him from himselfRead MoreMarx first discussed his alienation theory in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844[1],700 Words   |  3 PagesMarx first discussed his alienation theory in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844[1], mainly talking about the types of human relations that are not controlled by their participants and the consequent results. This theory represents his research findings of bourgeois economics theory, which is central to all of Marx’s earlier philosophical writings and as a social phenomenon still informs his later work. Alienation means separation of people from things that naturally belong to themRead MoreAccording to Marx, How Does Capitalism Alienate Workers? How Did Marx Feel That Workers Could Overcome Their Alienation?1904 Words   |  8 Pagesthat he produces. Therefore, capitalism can gain the domination over the production as well as the workers and trigger alienation. In Marx’s vision, there are four aspects in his theory of alienation. According to his writing, Economic amp; Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, alienation means that workers are alienated from the process of production, the products they produced, species being and other workers. a) In the first aspect, alienation of workers and process of production, workers areRead MoreAccording to Marx, How Does Capitalism Alienate Workers? How Did Marx Feel That Workers Could Overcome Their Alienation?1918 Words   |  8 Pagesthat he produces. Therefore, capitalism can gain the domination over the production as well as the workers and trigger alienation. In Marx’s vision, there are four aspects in his theory of alienation. According to his writing, Economic amp; Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, alienation means that workers are alienated from the process of production, the products they produced, species being and other workers. a) In the first aspect, alienation of workers and process of production, workers areRead MoreThe Marxist Concept Of Communism1735 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than labor, dehumanizing and devaluing himself with every product he creates. According to Marx this causes the worker to lose all individual character and become nothing more than an appendage of the machine (Marx, 18). In Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx further explains the concept of alienation, describing three main types: alienation from the product of labour, alienation from the act of production, and finally alienation from one’s own humanity. Marx begins by discussingRead MoreMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent perspective about â€Å"the social† and how that perspective presented it through society. Marx’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on production relations and how the classes interacted with one another through t hat type of relationship (Marx 1844). Weber’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on meaningful relationships and he brought the aspect of religion and rank into his view (Weber 1925). Lastly Durkheim’s view on â€Å"the social† was focused on the moral relationships and how the individualRead MoreAdolf Marx : A Central Concern For The Young Karl Marx Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesclaimed that the Proletariats would become so great that they would overturn the Bourgeoisie hence provoking social disarray. Marx never gave a specific definition as to what alienation is, although many of his writings, including Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, which I will refer to throughout the essay, were dedicated to the concept. Alienation in its most general sense may be considered as a distancing from something or ones own world. Marx’s theory of alienation sees human culture, civilisationRead MoreComparing Marx And Engels s The Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay957 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. The bourgeoisie, with roots in the Middle Ages, rose when the economic market opened up due to the discovery of America. The bourgeoisie owns the means of production. That means, they own the financial capital and material resources needed to control production. They are also the ones receiving profit created by industries. As the bourgeoisie advanced in an economic setting, they advanced politically. With more free trade agreements, they could make their power Read MoreMarx s Theory Of The Social Economy Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesco-authored â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† to â€Å"Capital: Critique of Political Economy†. This paper, however, will concentrate on one of his lesser known works. In 1844 Marx wrote the â€Å"Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844†, this was not published during his lifetime and first appeared in 1927,an astounding forty-four years after his death. The manuscripts themselves explore a wide range of topics, this paper will be looking at Marx’s theory of the â€Å"alienation of labour†. For Marx, the product of your labourRead MoreMarx and the Bourgeoisie Essay1908 Words   |  8 Pageswould logically lead to an increase in wages and therefore and increased standard of living. Marxs analysis is too narrow-minded and does not take into consideration capitalism as it relates to the entire country. Included in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Marx addr esses the issue of an increase in wages, An enforced increase of wages (disregarding all other difficulties, including the fact that it would only be by force, too, that the higher wages, being an anomaly, could be maintained)

Essay on Creative Capitalism - 923 Words

For this extra credit assignment, we were assigned an article by Bill Gates about â€Å"creative† capitalism. Bill Gates is one of the most well-known and wealthy men on Earth, earning his fortune from software like Microsoft Office and Windows. At the time this article was written, neither was sold at prices below $100. But this article is not about the capitalism that Bill Gates’ company has used and which he gained his fortune from. No, today Bill Gates is telling us about his idea of creative capitalism. The thesis of the article is that we need to change our economy to become a more creative capitalistic system. (As an aside, what makes this idea creative? Welfare capitalism would be much more descriptive. A company’s creativity has†¦show more content†¦I think that Walmart is a great example of creative capitalism, and I wonder why Gates didn’t include it in his article? The Walmart effect will always be a significant side effect of creative capitalism. In Gates’ world, firms will be producing much more of a product, to compensate for the huge drop in prices. They will have to cut prices, leading to a huge growth in low wage labor like sweat shops. This will certainly create jobs, but at the price of worker health. A worst case scenario is that we end up with massive amounts of workers working to produce the products that they will all share. A system that looks a lot like a communist system, with power held by major companies (like Bill Gates’). Cleary there are things that Bill Gates did not think about in his creative capitalism system, like labor, and how much it costs to produce a physical product (which a software company like Microsoft does very little of). Bill Gates proposes that many companies will want to help people purely from the benefits they will get from helping them. I think that this is another flawed argument. There is a reason that now, almost 2 years since this article was written, n othing has changed, and has probably only gotten worse. Large companies have little incentive to undertake the changes that creative capitalism demands. Stockholders demand profits, which companies can barely makeShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding Creative Capitalism And The Free Market2100 Words   |  9 PagesModule 5 Understanding Creative Capitalism According to http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Free-market+capitalism, free market capitalism is a system of economics that minimizes government intervention and maximizes the role of the market. According to the theory of the free market, rational economic actors acting in their own self-interest deal with information and price goods and services the most efficiently. Government regulations, trade barriers, and labor laws areRead MoreToday s Relationship Of Education And Economy880 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s relationship of education and economy can be best described by one of the most influential people in history, Albert Einstein, who said â€Å"Capitalism has brought with it progress, not merely in production but also in knowledge.† One of the most fundamental building blocks of technological advancements in today’s society is the dependence on education. Creative Destruction, in simpler terms, is the persistent renewal of technology that c onstantly supersedes the previous forerunner. Many universitiesRead MoreComparative Critique Of Comparative Capitalism1214 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARATIVE CAPITALISM Case Study #4: Comparative Capitalism Florence F. Messi St Thomas University Miami Gardens, Florida Abstract The Merriam-Wester dictionary defines capitalism as an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market. (2015). However for an ideal capitalism to fully operateRead MoreOutline and discuss Marxs theory of Alienation Essay1585 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalist industrial practices, the worker will experience a series of feelings of disconnection from integral parts of the labour process and ultimately, from humanity itself. I will argue that this theory will be relevant as long as the reign of Capitalism dominates modern society. Marx advocates that the only way alienation can be alleviated is through the destruction of the current economic base which he predicts is an inevitable gravitation towards a classless, stateless society known as socialismRead MoreDisadvantages Of Capitalis m1594 Words   |  7 Pagesinto action. The concept of capitalism is a very important concept to the United States and many other countries whose citizens value freedom and independency. Capitalism has many different aspects to it. First, capitalism is a social system. The trade and industry of a capitalist country is based off of private owners and not the government. Capitalism is centered around the rights of the individuals. It allows the individual to make his or her own decisions. Capitalism is usually open to new ideasRead MoreIs Marx Or Weber More Useful?1524 Words   |  7 Pagesuseful to analysing capitalism today? Capitalism is â€Å"a system of economic enterprise based on market exchange† (Giddens, 2009). Almost all industrial societies today are capitalistic in nature since their economic structures are based on free enterprise and market competition. However, capitalism first became the dominant mode of production over two centuries ago in Western society. Over this period, there have been some major theorists who have attempted to analyse capitalism and among these theoristsRead MoreHayek s Individual Freedom Is Best Secured Through A Free Market1660 Words   |  7 Pagesstandards. 2. Joseph Schumpeter argues that capitalism is a kind of â€Å"evolutionary system† that creates and destroys society. Explain Schumpeter’s notion of â€Å"creative destruction† and his overall argument. I believe to thoroughly delve into the argument that Schumpeter constructed we would have to get some fundamental definitions established such as capitalism, creative destruction and evolutionary system and understand how they comingle. What does capitalism mean? An economic and political system inRead MoreKarl Marx, Alienation of Labor784 Words   |  4 Pagessaid that in the product of labor the worker is alienated from the object he produces because it is bought, owned and disposed of by someone else, the capitalist. In all societies people use their creative abilities to produce items which they use to exchange or sell. Marx believes that under capitalism this becomes an alienated activity because the worker cant use the things that he produces to engage in further productive activity. Marx argued that the alienation of the worker from what he producesRead MoreStratification And Inequality Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesthemes of immigration, work and occupations in the Unit ed States. I am particularly interested in examining these processes in the urban context. Stratification and Inequality Growing up in China during the economic transformation toward capitalism, my personal experience inspired me to understand the structures, dynamics, and mechanisms that underlie inequalities in transitional China. Although there has been a surge in research in transitional China over the past 20 years and those studiesRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1420 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Schumpeter is well known in the area of economics. He ingeniously coined the term creative destruction which he used in his argument about Capitalism and its effects on society and the economy (Vesterman, 2008). This paper will discuss Charles Darwin â€Å"Natural Selection† from On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, and Joseph Schumpeter â€Å"The process of Creative Destruction from Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy†. Charles Darwin came from a background that consisted of scientifically

Baroque Art Free Essays

Challenge II Baroque Art: What is it and why do we care about it? The Baroque is often thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. It’s defined as â€Å"a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th centuries that followed mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now In architecture the period is exemplified by the palace of Versailles and by the work of Bernie in Italy. Major composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel; Carving and Rueben are important baroque artists. † (Being Dictionary) However, the word â€Å"baroque† seems to have a slight negative connotation-the original translations of this word include Italian for â€Å"tortuous medieval pedantry’ and Portuguese for â€Å"deformed pearl. In other accounts, Baroque is associated with strange, bizarre, and spectacle. This is probably because of the art side of the baroque period: controversial artists such as Peter Paul Rueben captured voluptuous women on canvas in The Rape of Lucrative and The Rape of the Daughters of Leucosis, and Giant Lorenz Bernie in The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. So why is all this this important to us? Well, despite being a bit provoking and over-extravagant, the baroque period was also beneficial. In addition to producing the earliest European music familiar to most of us, including Bachelor’s Canon and Vivaldi The Four Seasons, the baroque era also greatly expanded our horizons. The acceptance of Copernicus 16th century theory that the planets didn’t evolve around the earth made the universe a much larger place, while Galileo work helped us get better acquainted with the cosmos. The philosophical aspect of the baroque makes it important; and the vestiges of the era are still heard today in music- some of the most influential and beloved compositions are regularly performed in concert halls, and snippets of Bach and Vivaldi frequently appear in the solos of heavy metal guitarists. Having long since shed its derogatory connotations, â€Å"baroque† is now simply a convenient catch-all for one of the richest and most diverse periods in music and art history. Baroque Art By perpendicular How to cite Baroque Art, Papers

Cambridge Companion To Virtue Ethics Press -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cambridge Companion To Virtue Ethics Press? Answer: Introduction The report focuses on whether or not ASX companies need to pay no more than 20 times the average salary of employees. In the modern world, this is an important aspect of the business organisations as in the public organisations, the remuneration paid to the executives have been met with many criticisms (Crane Matten, 2016). The compensation provided all the employee benefits that are required for the satisfaction of the employees and ensure a healthy working atmosphere. However, it is to be kept in mind that the finances of a company are high in order to provide sufficient compensation benefits. Certain Government laws also exist that encourages in the payment of compensation to the employees as per the work was done by them. The essay takes into account the need of the ASX companies in providing compensations that are higher than the average salary. According to Trevino Nelson (2016), the companies need to keep in mind that employee satisfaction at the cost of financial stability may hamper the growth of the organisations in future. In order to conduct the report in a successful manner, the example of Amcor Limited is considered. Amcor Limited is a multinational packing company situated in Australia. It is a public company that aids in flexible as well as rigid packaging for food companies, beverage and tobacco companies. The aim of the company is to protect food items, beverage and pharmaceuticals from any type of contagious diseases. The company is located in Melbourne and was established in 1986. The headquarters of the company is located in Zurich, big due to the fact that it is registered with the Australian Security Exchange (ASX), the company conducts its operations from Australia. Over the years the company have grown and have managed to earn revenue of $9.1 billion in the year 2016. The company owns over 35,000 employees (Amcor.com, 2017). Based on the analysis of the company, it can be said that the increased compensation of the employees can hinder the progress of Amcor. This is because the financial position of the company can be compromised given the increased rate of compensation of the employees. In this regard, a certain analysis is made that form an integral part of the analysis of business ethics. The analysis is done in the Utilitarian approach, Kantian approach and the virtue ethics that are involved in understanding business ethics. Theoretical implication and extension of the concepts in terms of use in Amcor are also analysed. Utilitarian analysis Weiss (2014) stated that Utilitarianism determines the right approach from the wrong approach. It is an essential ethical theory that focuses on the outcomes in the form of consequentialism. Utilitarianism contributes to the analysis that results in determining the outcomes of an action. The implications of such outcomes are also important in order to provide benefits for people. According to Hoffman, Frederick Schwartz (2014), utilitarianism considers the ethical choices that produce the greatest results for the betterment of the people. It is a common aspect to use modern reasoning in the field of decision-making and providing benefits to the employees. Hence, a clear distinction is made that determines the good from the bad. A pragmatic approach is followed in order to avoid performing acts based on principles. Despite this, it can be said that due to the unpredictable future, it is difficult to understand whether the actions taken can cause any good consequence. DesJardins McCall (2014) criticised the concept stating that utilitarianism fails to provide values such as justice and individual rights. For example, using the service of an experienced person at a time when the mass people without experience can be considered as the greatest good during the time. However, actions taken during such instances are considered as unacceptable as well as unethical. Chell et al., (2016) observed that the utilitarianism have two major consequences that are essential for evaluation. The first consequence includes taking decisions that are normally deemed to be illegal. The actions taken in an instant manner may cause temporary solve of a problem. However, it can have a bad influence in the future as the consequence can lead to the hampering of the situation. The second consequence is the non-fulfilment of goals or objectives (Oakley Cocking, 2011). This can also be considered as a loss for any company or people as the taking an ethical decision at the ti me of crisis can also have a negative consequence. Hence, it can be said that utilitarianism has certain limitations in determining the right and wrong approach based on the reasoning of the people. Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald (2014) observed that utilitarianism tends to offer an easier method to determine the course of an action. The right approach, decision and choice are determined based on the actions that are performed by an individual. In order to understand the current choice of action, it is necessary to analyse every possible choice of actions that are required. One of the challenging tasks that are faced in the modern era is to determine the maximum benefit that can be received while evaluating the quantity and quality of the benefit. Apart from these, the consequences that may arise while determining a current course of action can be considered as a challenging factor in the modern era. Barry (2016) stated that despite a current approach taken by individuals while applying the concept it can have certain problems. These problems arise due to them as the concept requires assigning values for benefits and costs. These require being calculated in an abstract manner in order to determine the results of the choice of actions. Another problem is the fact that during the time of justice based on moral decisions, individuals cannot apply the concept of utilitarianism. Hence, in this regard, it can be said that utilitarianism considers the policies, decisions and actions that are taken in order to determine the right course of action. In a company such as Amcor, the application of the concept is required in order to determine the worth of the increased compensation. In the modern era, the concept has been described as putting the need of self before that of others (Donaldson Dunfee, 2014). It has also been pointed out that the use of Kantian theory can help in determining the right choice of ethical action that is required in the modern world. Kantian analysis Kantian ethics can also be considered as the ethical theory dealing with the deontological approach. It provides the fact that an action can be considered good if the willingness to perform the action is for the greater good (Bowie, 2012). This can be applied in organisational context as well since most companies owe certain duties to the customers. An ethical law can be established from the concept of performing a duty. It has been argued that the feelings of people engaged in the goodwill of others can be considered as a proper good deed. Deeds that align itself with self-centric approach cannot be considered as a proper means to help build ethical awareness among people. Beauchamp, Bowie Arnold (2014) stated that the unethical force to the individuals cannot be considered as an ethical approach because it can be considered as unauthorised agreement. The ethical duties arise due to the failure to fulfil certain works that needed to be done in an ethical manner. In this regard, two perspective or approaches can be considered in order to determine the application of the Kantian analysis. Reynolds Bowie (2014) observed that the characteristics of the ethical programs are based on the hypothetical imperative and categorical imperative. These two provide an overview of the manner in which the perspective of individuals can be taken into consideration. The hypothetical imperative defines the fact that individuals are sometimes asked to perform tasks by providing proper encouragement. Individuals take up social activities or any activity assigned at the workplace and complete it any manner (Bowie, 2010). The encouragement received by the individuals can be either in the form of self-satisfaction or from the interest of the people. On the other hand, the categorical imperative is when individuals are forced to perform tasks. These approaches can be differentiated in a manner in which the responses of the individuals take place. Hence, Baron Baron (2013) observed that individuals need to act upon certain rules that produce no consequences and are accepted in a universal manner. The imperatives are based on the reasons that are applicable in the ethical context rather than based on the contingent facts about the individuals. The biggest differences between the hypothetical as well as the classical imperative are the obligation and the binding of the individuals based on the duties and the ethical considerations that are undertaken by the individuals. Goodpaster (2013) opined that the actions of an individual need to be based on the communication that exists between two or more individuals. The interests and intentions of the individuals need to be discussed in order to determine any ethical consequences that may exist in the lives of the people. Based on the influences of the Kantian theory, other theories have come up that highlight the ethics of an individual. These theorists have been able to redefine the concept and ensured that the Kantian theory forms the base and highlight of the theories (Henschke, 2017). However, there have been criticisms regarding the application of Kantian theory in the modern world. One of the criticisms is the fact that the theory provides no or less information about the actions of the people. This is mainly because of the fact that the theory is based on the principle of non-contradiction. The theory lacked the proper content required for the construction of principle morality. Jarvis (2017) further added the fact that the ethics need to be followed based on the explanation and interpretation of the things that are required to be done by an individual. However, Kantian theory presents the ideas of what is required to be done in order to maintain proper ethical consent in the society. Hence, the application of Kantian theory can also be justified in Amcor in order to understand the requirement of the employees. Virtue ethics analysis According to Spiegel (2017), virtue ethics is based upon the approaches that focus on the development of characters among an individual and motivates them in order to maintain the ethical considerations. Virtue ethics can be related to the moral philosophies and principles that do not hold any guidelines or rules in terms of ethical considerations. It is important for an individual to find a proper balance in order to make ethical decisions. The agents involved in practising virtue ethics does not engage in any rules that require individuals to carry out ethical decisions. Virtue ethics is considered as one of the modern and major approaches in the normative ethics. The self-interest of the people is a major benefit in terms of achieving the goals set for maintaining the ethical considerations. Businesses can also use the approach in order to earn maximum profits. Van Hooft (2014) identifies this ethical approach as a manner in which moral character of an individual can be developed. The manner in which individuals opting virtue ethics perceives the world is different from those that are observed by followers of other ethical contexts. It has been established that utilitarianism approach points to the facts that the consequences of emphasising on moral duties and rights can help in maximising the well-being among an individual. The followers of Kantian approach have a different view stating that moral rights and duties will be conducted based on the moral rules that are developed. The followers of virtue ethics will counter these statements stating that the moral ethics and duties need to be considered as charitable events and the benevolence of it is required in order to attend virtue (Elliot, 2016). Virtue ethics defines concepts that are more fundamental in the society. Most often virtues are observed from a point of view of the characteristic of an individual. The behaviour of the individuals in the society, as well as the actions performed by the people, determine the virtue ethics of the individuals (Russell, 2013). The application of virtue ethics assimilate in society can be done by formulating two types of approaches. These include the action approach and agent-based approach. The action-based approach focuses more on the guidelines that need to be followed in order to maintain ethnic context. The agent-based approach is mainly about achieving the personal goals set by the individuals in terms of maintaining ethics in the society. Bright, Winn Kanov (2014) stated that virtue can be used in two meanings that define the actions corresponding to the quality of character and disposition. It defines the necessary things that need to be done in order to understand and perform one or more universal duties that are required for maintaining ethical considerations. Thus, it can be said that virtue ethics form an essential part of the ethical theories that define the moral duties of individuals. The three theories that have been conceptualised above can be applied in organisational contexts (Fernando Moore, 2015). In the case of Amcor, the ethical theories can be used in order to ensure that the company can manage the compensation that it provides to the employees. The following point analysis the extension of the theories in the organisational context in order to provide a clear idea about the application of the concepts. Theory extension Based on the analysis of the theories, it can be said that Amcor Limited need to apply ethics in the organisation based on the philosophies stated in the theories. This can help the company as well as the employees to develop self-consciousness about the ways by which they need to maintain the decorum of the organisation. The focus of the study is to understand whether or not compensation should be more than the fixed salary of an employee. Hence, the theoretical implications can help managers as well as employees to understand the pros and cons of providing more compensation. Application of Utilitarianism: As stated by Hursthouse (2016), utilitarianism helps people to understand the rights from the wrong. The determination of the actions is identified after the analysis of outcomes. Hence, ethical choices need to be considered in order to improve the actions of the people. In this regard, it can be said that Amcor Limited need to ensure that unethical means are not adopted by the company in terms of maintaining the finances of the organisation. The goals and objectives of the organisation need to be maintained in order to keep the employees satisfied. The fact that the employees are drawing a high compensation needs to reflect in the work that is being performed. Solomon (2017) observed that the employees need to ensure that the benefits that are being provided to them are not beyond the compensation practice of the organisation. The consequences that may bring due to the increased compensation need to be communicated with the stakeholders. It may be diff icult for the company to involve the stakeholders in order to ensure that the consequences of increased benefits are helping the company. Hence, based on this theory, it can be said that the increase of 20 times the averse salary is not applicable in a company like Amcor. Application of Kantian theory: The application of Kantian theory, needs to be based on the fact that the employees can be categorised based on the imperatives that are associated with the theory. In the context of Amcor, the hypothetical imperative needs to encourage and motivate the employees in terms of performing the work. Based on the work performed by the employees the compensations can be provided (Hursthouse, 2017). On the other hand, the application of categorical imperative can force the employees to behave as professionals and carry out the objectives of the organisation. Despite the application of either of the imperatives, the fact that the compensation is more than the average salary is not justified (Koehn, 2015). This is because the average salary of the employees is the basic amount that is needed to be paid to the employees. However, the compensations are provided after completing a certain period in the organisation and based on the position of the employees. Hence, the increased level of compensation cannot justify the salary of the employees. The ethical consent in this context needs to come from the fact that the employees need to work hard in order to earn a minimum compensation from the managers (Annas, 2017). Application of virtue ethics theory: According to Trianosky (2010), virtue ethics refer to the ways by which character of an individual is developed. Based on the behaviours and attitudes of the employees, Amcor can generate compensation. The rules and regulations of the company need to provide the morality at which the managers treat the employees. However, the fact that ethical considerations are considered as donations can be a huge factor in the application of this ethical theory. Nevertheless, Annas (2017) observed that the behaviour and actions of the employees can result in the earning of compensation. This can be a motivational factor as the employees can gain the benefits that are useful for motivating them and enhancing the quality of work performed by them. According to Hursthouse (2016), virtue ethics judge people based on the behaviours and ideas provided by the people. However, the employees of Amcor are not judged based on the factors that are needed for gaining compen sation. Hence, the excess amounts of compensation provided by the managers can herm the financial status of Amcor. Suggestions regarding the ways to improve the current situation or reduce the compensation amount can be provided in order to avoid the excess of finance in the company. Conclusion In order to improve the reputation of the organisation and ensure that the ethics are maintained it is necessary for the mangers of Amcor to ensure that the compensation level of the company is reduced. This is required in order to maintain the financial level of the organisation. The application of the theoretical concept developed by Kant can be used in this case. The employees need to be encouraged to work properly in order to attain the goals and objectives of the organisation. The fact that the compensation level is higher than the salary is motivation enough to perform work in an effective manner. Apart from this, it is also needed that the employees manage to comply with the reduced compensation in an organisation. This can be considered as the application of virtue ethics theory in the organisation. The fact that this theory idealises the idea of self-awareness can be used to convince the employees about the necessity of reducing compensation. Thus, it can be concluded that in order to conduct a successful business it is necessary that companies manage to maintain the necessary ethics required for successful completion. In this regard, the application of ethical concepts and theories are important in order to implement the theories in a successful manner. In the case of Amcor Limited, the company can apply the theories in order to convince employees about the reduction of compensation. The fact that the compensation rate is higher than the average salary cannot be justified due to the financial loss that a company can suffer. Hence, the adoption of the theories is important to understand the required ethical behaviour in an organisation. Reference Amcor.com. (2017).Amcor.com. Retrieved 1 November 2017, from https://www.amcor.com/ Annas, J. (2017). Which Variety of Virtue Ethics?. InVarieties of Virtue Ethics(pp. 35-51). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Baron, D. P., Baron, D. P. (2013).Business and its environment(p. 2). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Barry, N. (2016).Business ethics. Springer. Beauchamp, T. L., Bowie, N. E., Arnold, D. G. (Eds.). (2014). Ethical theory and business. Bowie, N. E. (2010). Business ethics, philosophy, and the next 25 years.Business Ethics Quarterly,10(1), 7-20. Bowie, N. E. (2012). 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